Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques: In Vitro

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques: In Vitro

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparative killing kinetics of CLP-4. S. mutans UA159 cultures at a cell density of 6 × 105 CFU/ml were challenged with 5, 10, and 25 μg/ml CLP-4 under conditions of active growth in CDM supplemented with 0.5% (wt/vol) glucose (A) and against growth-arrested cells in CDM lacking any carbon source (B). Samples at time zero were enumerated prior to peptide treatment. Data shown are the means and standard deviations of three biological replicates from three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques:

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: CLP-4 prevents S. mutans biofilm formation. (A) Biofilms inoculated with 2 × 107 CFU/ml were grown for 24 h in the presence of CLP-4, chlorhexidine, or erythromycin at concentrations ranging between 0.6× and 2× their respective MICs. Biofilm formation was quantified using crystal violet staining and expressed in percentage relative to untreated control. Shown are the means and standard deviations of three biological replicates from three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001 compared to untreated control. (B) Corresponding growth curve kinetics showing the MIC of CLP-4 on S. mutans UA159.

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques: Staining, Control

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of a Novel Synthetic Cyclic Lipopeptide against Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans UA159

doi: 10.1128/AAC.00776-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of CLP-4 on preformed biofilms. S. mutans UA159 biofilms were established for 24 h and then treated with increasing concentrations (1× to 10× the MIC) of CLP-4, chlorhexidine, or erythromycin. (A) Antibiofilm activities were assessed by quantifying the cell viability of treated biofilms by colony enumeration on agar plates. The means and standard deviations of three biological replicates from three independent experiments are shown. **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001 compared to untreated control. (B) Biofilms treated with 10× the MICs for each antimicrobial were fluorescently labeled using the LIVE/DEAD BacLight viability stain and visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Shown are the top-down three-dimensional (3D) volume rendering of biofilms at a total magnification of ×400. Bottom images represent optical planes in the xz, and vertical thin images represent yz dimensions. Membrane-compromised bacteria are stained red with propidium iodide, while intact bacteria are stained green with SYTO 9. Areas highlighted by dashed lines indicate regions of interest (ROIs) viewed at a higher magnification. Dimensions shown are 387.5 μm by 387.5 μm by 16 μm. (C) ROIs are presented at ×2,300 magnification. Dimensions shown are 68.1 μm by 68.1 μm by 16 μm.

Article Snippet: These results showed that CLP-4 is a promising agent that can effectively inhibit planktonic growth of S. mutans . table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Antimicrobial agent MIC and MBC (μg/ml) by inoculum density of: 6 × 10 5 CFU/ml 2 × 10 7 CFU/ml MIC MBC MIC MBC CLP-4 2.8 6 5 20 Erythromycin 0.016 0.6 0.062 1 Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 1.25 3.5 1.25 5 Open in a separate window In vitro susceptibilities of planktonic S. mutans UA159 table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 2 caption a7 Streptococcus mutans strain Serotype MIC (μg/ml) MBC (μg/ml) Reference or source UA159 c 2.8 6 56 ATCC 25175 c 3.0 9 57 LM7 e 2.0 8 58 JF243 c 3.0 <5 59 568-2v-5 2.0 <5 60 764 2.0 5 C. M. Levesque 768 2.0 6 C. M. Levesque Open in a separate window S. mutans strains used in this study and their in vitro susceptibilities to CLP-4

Techniques: Control, Labeling, Staining, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Membrane, Bacteria

Journal: Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)

Article Title: Desferrioxamine:gallium-pluronic micelles increase outer membrane permeability and potentiate antibiotic activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa †

doi: 10.1039/c8cc08134d

Figure Lengend Snippet: F127-DG2 increases the OM permeability of P. aeruginosa. (A) Targeted F127-DG2/TPE micelles exhibit greater binding to the OM of P. aeruginosa than untargeted F127/TPE micelles based on increased TPE fluorescence (blue). F127-DG2/TPE does not target E. coli due to lack of the necessary OM receptors. Positive control staining performed with FM 4-64FX (red). (B) OM permeabilization with F127-DG2 (64 µM) results in greater HI accumulation (red) in P. aeruginosa than unmodified F127 (64 µM) + DG (128 µM), while E. coli OM permeability is unchanged. Positive control staining performed with SYTO13 (green). (C) NCF hydrolysis occurs more rapidly in P. aeruginosa treated with F127-DG2 (128 µM) than unmodified F127 (128 µM) + DG (256 µM); E. coli OM permeability is unaffected by either polymer. Scale bars represent 2 µm.

Article Snippet: Neither F127-DG 2 nor F127 plus DG potentiated antibiotic activity against E. coli due to lack of the necessary OM receptors for DG. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 P. aeruginosa E. coli Potentiator Antibiotic ATCC 27853 a PAO1 a MDR 2638 a MDR 3072 a MDR 24530 a ATCC 25922 a None ERY 256 256 512 256 512 32 RIF 32 16 8 16 16 4 VAN >1024 >1024 512 >1024 1024 128 F127-DG 2 ERY 64(0.38) 128(0.53) 64(0.25) 128(0.63) 256(0.53) 16(0.75) RIF 8(0.31) 8(0.56) 4(0.53) 8(0.56) 8(0.53) 4(1.25) VAN 32(0.16) 64(0.19) 64(0.19) 64(0.19) 128(0.25) 128(1.25) Open in a separate window a Inhibitory concentrations for antibiotics are given in μg mL −1 , followed by FICIs given in parentheses.

Techniques: Permeability, Binding Assay, Fluorescence, Positive Control, Staining, Polymer

Journal: Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)

Article Title: Desferrioxamine:gallium-pluronic micelles increase outer membrane permeability and potentiate antibiotic activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa †

doi: 10.1039/c8cc08134d

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antimicrobial activity of F127-DG 2 or F127 + DG combined with selected antibiotics against P. aeruginosa and E. coli . The MIC of F127-DG 2 alone or free DG was greater than 1024 µM for all strains. FICI o 0.25 considered high synergistic activity, 0.25 o FICI o 0.75 considered moderate synergistic activity, and FICI > 0.75 considered no synergistic activity

Article Snippet: Neither F127-DG 2 nor F127 plus DG potentiated antibiotic activity against E. coli due to lack of the necessary OM receptors for DG. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 P. aeruginosa E. coli Potentiator Antibiotic ATCC 27853 a PAO1 a MDR 2638 a MDR 3072 a MDR 24530 a ATCC 25922 a None ERY 256 256 512 256 512 32 RIF 32 16 8 16 16 4 VAN >1024 >1024 512 >1024 1024 128 F127-DG 2 ERY 64(0.38) 128(0.53) 64(0.25) 128(0.63) 256(0.53) 16(0.75) RIF 8(0.31) 8(0.56) 4(0.53) 8(0.56) 8(0.53) 4(1.25) VAN 32(0.16) 64(0.19) 64(0.19) 64(0.19) 128(0.25) 128(1.25) Open in a separate window a Inhibitory concentrations for antibiotics are given in μg mL −1 , followed by FICIs given in parentheses.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)

Article Title: Desferrioxamine:gallium-pluronic micelles increase outer membrane permeability and potentiate antibiotic activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa †

doi: 10.1039/c8cc08134d

Figure Lengend Snippet: Survival of P. aeruginosa cells treated for 4 h shows bacteriostatic activity for ERY when combined with F127-DG2, while RIF and VAN combinations were bactericidal. (A) MHA plates at 0 and 4 hour for cultures of P. aeruginosa treated with F127-DG2 combined with ERY, RIF, or VAN. (A) F127-DG2 combined with ERY is bacteriostatic against P. aeruginosa whereas RIF or VAN are bactericidal. Unmodified F127 + DG combined with tested antibiotics did not result in inhibitory activity against P. aeruginosa and E. coli was also relatively unaffected by either formulation. Note: 128 µM F127-DG2 (or 128 µM F127+ 256 µM DG) and 96 µg mL−1 ERY, 12 µg mL−1 RIF, or 48 µg mL−1 were used against P. aeruginosa. One-way ANOVA performed for P. aeruginosa with F127-DG2 plus antibiotics relative to t = 0 h positive control, ***p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Neither F127-DG 2 nor F127 plus DG potentiated antibiotic activity against E. coli due to lack of the necessary OM receptors for DG. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 P. aeruginosa E. coli Potentiator Antibiotic ATCC 27853 a PAO1 a MDR 2638 a MDR 3072 a MDR 24530 a ATCC 25922 a None ERY 256 256 512 256 512 32 RIF 32 16 8 16 16 4 VAN >1024 >1024 512 >1024 1024 128 F127-DG 2 ERY 64(0.38) 128(0.53) 64(0.25) 128(0.63) 256(0.53) 16(0.75) RIF 8(0.31) 8(0.56) 4(0.53) 8(0.56) 8(0.53) 4(1.25) VAN 32(0.16) 64(0.19) 64(0.19) 64(0.19) 128(0.25) 128(1.25) Open in a separate window a Inhibitory concentrations for antibiotics are given in μg mL −1 , followed by FICIs given in parentheses.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Formulation, Positive Control

Journal: ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters

Article Title: Meridianin D Analogues Display Antibiofilm Activity against MRSA and Increase Colistin Efficacy in Gram-Negative Bacteria

doi: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00161

Figure Lengend Snippet: IC 50 and MIC Values for Compounds 1 , 9a–g , and 13a–f a

Article Snippet: Other compounds tested that were capable of dispersing preformed MRSA biofilms did not display a significant reduction in EC 50 value when combined with vancomycin. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 3 caption a7 colistin MIC colistin + 1 colistin + 9d colistin + 13f E. coli ATCC 25922 mcr-1 8 4 (2) 0.5 (16) 2 (4) E. coli ATCC 25922 parent 0.5 0.5 (0) 0.0625 (8) 0.03125 (16) A. baumannii 17978 mcr-1 16 0.5 (32) 0.125 (128) 4 (4) A. baumannii 17978 parent 1 0.5 (2) 0.0625 (16) 0.0625 (16) A. baumannii 4106 1024 16 (64) 2 (512) 16 (64) K. pneumoniae B9 512 16 (64) 1 (512) 1 (512) A. baumannii 5075 1 0.25 (4) 0.0625 (16) 0.0078 (128) K. pneumoniae ATCC 2146 NDM-1 1 0.5 (2) 0.0625 (16) 0.0625 (16) Open in a separate window a Concentrations are shown in μg/mL. caption a8 Colistin Potentiation by Select Compounds against Gram-Negative Bacteria, Colistin MIC (Fold Reductions) a In a recent disclosure, 19 synergy was found in concomitant treatment with colistin (polymyxin E) and compound 4 ( ).

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters

Article Title: Meridianin D Analogues Display Antibiofilm Activity against MRSA and Increase Colistin Efficacy in Gram-Negative Bacteria

doi: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00161

Figure Lengend Snippet: Colistin Potentiation by Select Compounds against Gram-Negative Bacteria, Colistin MIC (Fold Reductions) a

Article Snippet: Other compounds tested that were capable of dispersing preformed MRSA biofilms did not display a significant reduction in EC 50 value when combined with vancomycin. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 Table 3 caption a7 colistin MIC colistin + 1 colistin + 9d colistin + 13f E. coli ATCC 25922 mcr-1 8 4 (2) 0.5 (16) 2 (4) E. coli ATCC 25922 parent 0.5 0.5 (0) 0.0625 (8) 0.03125 (16) A. baumannii 17978 mcr-1 16 0.5 (32) 0.125 (128) 4 (4) A. baumannii 17978 parent 1 0.5 (2) 0.0625 (16) 0.0625 (16) A. baumannii 4106 1024 16 (64) 2 (512) 16 (64) K. pneumoniae B9 512 16 (64) 1 (512) 1 (512) A. baumannii 5075 1 0.25 (4) 0.0625 (16) 0.0078 (128) K. pneumoniae ATCC 2146 NDM-1 1 0.5 (2) 0.0625 (16) 0.0625 (16) Open in a separate window a Concentrations are shown in μg/mL. caption a8 Colistin Potentiation by Select Compounds against Gram-Negative Bacteria, Colistin MIC (Fold Reductions) a In a recent disclosure, 19 synergy was found in concomitant treatment with colistin (polymyxin E) and compound 4 ( ).

Techniques: Bacteria

Journal: Virus research

Article Title: The current state of therapeutic and T cell-based vaccines against human papillomaviruses

doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.12.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Recent Therapeutic HPV Vaccine Clinical Trials Using Different Forms of Vaccines

Article Snippet: In addition, lists several ongoing clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic and T cell based HPV vaccines against HPV-associated diseases. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Vaccine Antigen(s) Construct Organization Trial Design Outcome Side Effects Reference Bacterial Vector Based Lm-LLo-E7 (ADXS 11-001; ADXS-HPV) HPV-16 E7 prfA-defective Listeria monocytogenes strain transformed with plasmid encoding HPV-16 E7 antigen fused to a fragment of nonhemolytic listeriolysin O (LLO) Advaxis, Inc.

Techniques: Construct, Plasmid Preparation, Transformation Assay, Recombinant, Expressing, Modification, Generated, Injection, Infection

Journal: Virus research

Article Title: The current state of therapeutic and T cell-based vaccines against human papillomaviruses

doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.12.002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Currently Ongoing Therapeutic and T cell-based HPV Vaccine Clinical Trials

Article Snippet: In addition, lists several ongoing clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic and T cell based HPV vaccines against HPV-associated diseases. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Vaccine Antigen(s) Construct Organization Trial Design Outcome Side Effects Reference Bacterial Vector Based Lm-LLo-E7 (ADXS 11-001; ADXS-HPV) HPV-16 E7 prfA-defective Listeria monocytogenes strain transformed with plasmid encoding HPV-16 E7 antigen fused to a fragment of nonhemolytic listeriolysin O (LLO) Advaxis, Inc.

Techniques: Construct, Infection, Plasmid Preparation, Sequencing, Transformation Assay, Expressing

Journal: Mayo Clinic proceedings

Article Title: New Developments in Clinical Bacteriology Laboratories

doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.06.020

Figure Lengend Snippet: Targets of large panels for testing positive blood culture bottles

Article Snippet: As new tests are implemented, systems-based practice changes outside of the laboratory, including intricate involvement of antimicrobial stewardship teams, may need to be implemented to optimize benefits to patients. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Gram Positive Bacteria Gram Negative Bacteria Candida species FilmArray® Blood Culture Identification (BCID) Panel (BioFire Diagnostics, LLC) Staphylococcus species Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus species Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae Enterococcus species Listeria monocytogenes Klebsiella oxytoca Klebsiella pneumoniae Serratia species Proteus species Acinetobacter baumannii Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria meningitidis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterobacteriaceae Escherichia coli Enterobacter cloacae complex Candida albicans Candida glabrata Candida krusei Candida parapsilosis Candida tropicalis Resistance Genes mecA vanA/vanB Resistance Genes bla KPC Verigene ® (Nanosphere, Inc.) Gram-Positive Blood Culture Test (BC-GP) Gram-Negative Blood Culture Test (BC-GN) Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus lugdunensis Streptococcus anginosus group Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenes Enterococcus faecalis Staphylococcus species Streptococcus species Listeria species Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Klebsiella oxytoca Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acinetobacter species Citrobacter species Enterobacter species Proteus species Resistance Genes mecA vanA vanB Resistance Genes bla NDM bla KPC bla OXZ bla VIM bla CTX-M Open in a separate window Targets of large panels for testing positive blood culture bottles Unlike panels for testing positive blood culture bottles, gastrointestinal and respiratory panels are not designed as supplemental tests, but instead are being utilized as stand-alone tests.

Techniques: Bacteria, Bla VIM Assay

Journal: Mayo Clinic proceedings

Article Title: New Developments in Clinical Bacteriology Laboratories

doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.06.020

Figure Lengend Snippet: Targets of large molecular panels for testing stool

Article Snippet: As new tests are implemented, systems-based practice changes outside of the laboratory, including intricate involvement of antimicrobial stewardship teams, may need to be implemented to optimize benefits to patients. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 caption a7 Gram Positive Bacteria Gram Negative Bacteria Candida species FilmArray® Blood Culture Identification (BCID) Panel (BioFire Diagnostics, LLC) Staphylococcus species Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus species Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pneumoniae Enterococcus species Listeria monocytogenes Klebsiella oxytoca Klebsiella pneumoniae Serratia species Proteus species Acinetobacter baumannii Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria meningitidis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterobacteriaceae Escherichia coli Enterobacter cloacae complex Candida albicans Candida glabrata Candida krusei Candida parapsilosis Candida tropicalis Resistance Genes mecA vanA/vanB Resistance Genes bla KPC Verigene ® (Nanosphere, Inc.) Gram-Positive Blood Culture Test (BC-GP) Gram-Negative Blood Culture Test (BC-GN) Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus lugdunensis Streptococcus anginosus group Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenes Enterococcus faecalis Staphylococcus species Streptococcus species Listeria species Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Klebsiella oxytoca Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acinetobacter species Citrobacter species Enterobacter species Proteus species Resistance Genes mecA vanA vanB Resistance Genes bla NDM bla KPC bla OXZ bla VIM bla CTX-M Open in a separate window Targets of large panels for testing positive blood culture bottles Unlike panels for testing positive blood culture bottles, gastrointestinal and respiratory panels are not designed as supplemental tests, but instead are being utilized as stand-alone tests.

Techniques: Luminex, Bacteria